Music Therapy and Its Effects free essay sample

A powerful force that is commonly taken for granted, music can be consciously used to serve many purposes. Such purposes include motivation or reward, a means of reducing boredom and even manage time, by setting a desired pace for the listener (Rotor, 1999, p. Introduction xv). Considering the breadth of such a subject, it is essential to contain the contents of this essay into a focused discussion.Namely, music, its use in therapy and the effects it generates. This essay will also discuss the efferent arguments for the support of various therapeutic effects of music, along with its detractors. In recent decades, an enormous amount of research has been conducted on specific ways in which sound, rhythm and music, in general, can improve human lives. Arguably, one of the most interesting of them all is the Mozart Effect. Supporters of this phenomenon claim that listening to Mozart music can affect you positively in a number of ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Therapy and Its Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mainly, it improves ones spatial-temporal reasoning skills and that early childhood exposure is beneficial for mental development. Let us take a closer kook. Spatial-temporal reasoning skills refer to the ability to visualize spatial patterns and mentally manipulate them over a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations. This ability, often referred to as thinking In pictures.Is important for generating and conceptualizing solutions to multi-step problems that arise in areas such as art, science, mathematics and everyday life (Spatial-temporal reasoning, 2006, Para. 1). In his foreword for Don Campbell The Mozart Effect for Children. Child development expert, Joseph C. Pearce, mentioned that when the Nobel laureate and reconstitute David Hubble was asked whether he had any interest other than his specialty, his reply was, Actually, I seem to have spent an Inordinate amount of my life at the piano. . It was also stated that in the 1 sass, atomic scientists at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, gathered at spare moments in the evening to play string quartets,3 and that Einstein arguably the greatest scientist of our time -? had a love affair with the violin (Campbell, 2002, Introduction xii). Assuming that all scientists are smart, intelligent human beings, there is little doubt that Parses statements of associating scientists with musical instruments was a deliberate attempt of portraying the Idea that music begets intelligence.But how far is this true? Could it be that mere coincidence plays a part in linking some of the greatest scientists to music? Accordi ng to Campbell, studies show that schools that Include music In their curricula produce the highest achievers in the country. A study in Hong Kong found that adults who had received music training before age twelve have a better memory for spoken words than those who did not. Furthermore, Dry. Gordon Shaw of the university ofCalifornia has shown that taking piano lessons and solving math puzzles significantly For the purpose of this essay, the word therapy will not only mean any treatment designed to improve a health problem or to cure an illness (Oxford dictionary, 1999, It is unclear who first coined the phrase, but it undoubtedly came into being as a result of attention aroused by countless scientific studies conducted on the effect of Knolling Amadeus Mozart music on its listeners. The phrase has since been trademarked by Don Campbell, Inc. A string quartet usually consists of 2 violinists, a viola player and a cellist. Improves specific math skills of elementary school children (Campbell, 2000, p. 185). Mozart music has similar effects. In a study of nineteen children aged seven to seventeen with attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (DAD),4 researchers played recordings of such Mozart compositions as Nine Klein Machinists, Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major (K. 467) and The Marriage of Figaro during thrice-weekly nonrefundable sessions for some of the children.Nothing was played for the others. The researchers reported that those who listened o Mozart displayed improved focus, mood control and social skills. Seventy percent of the subjects who improved maintained that improvement for at least six months afterward (Campbell, 2002, p. 183 184). These studies indicate that listening to and playing music generally generates arioso positive results. However, none of these studies prove that a hundred percent of the subjects tested attained these same results.In fact, there were many attempts to replicate some of these results, but most were unsuccessful (Willingham, 2006). On top of this, Earaches himself later wrote that,5 spatial-temporal task reference varies widely between individuals. This goes to show that the Mozart Effect, as well as the different positive effects of music therapy, has various degrees of effects and that it may not necessarily affect everyone. Another topic that will be discussed is Temper music. In this indigenous community, major technique of healing ailments involves singing and trance-dancing ceremonies/rituals, which are usually led by a medium. The medium would sing tunes and texts given to him during dreams by spiritless,7 to the patient, as female chorus members accompany him. Also, sometimes instruments such as the soufflà ©s, bamboo-tube zither and mouthpart are used in the process. Depending on the severity of the patients illness, these activities are conducted as small rituals or huge ceremonies.Basically, the more severe the illness is, the bigger the ceremony. Unfortunately, efficacy of this method of therapy and curing illnesses is not a well documented subject. It is, however, a fact that Temper tradition of healing Ninth music has gone on for generations and generations and that it is still in practice today. From these observations, one may deduce that it is a tired-and-tested method ND therefore, to a certain extent, it works. But since it is not a thoroughly Investigated topic, such a deduction is open to debate. N inability to concentrate, difficulty relating to peers and a general incoherence of thought (Campbell, 2000, p. 183). 5 Frances H. Earaches was one of the pioneering scientists that conducted tests on the effects of Mozart music. Rhea Tempers are Aboriginals who dwell in peninsular Malaysia (Rosemary, 1993, p. 2) According to Temper belief, spiritless refers to entities of object (animate or animate), such as a particular Jungle flower or a mountain, that visit mediums in heir dreams, in a humanists form, to offer their services to the mediums, to be their teacher.These spiritless will then begin to sing and the dreamer would repeat it line by line until, upon awakening, the song is committed to the dreamers memory. Rosemary, 1993, p. 53) From the various arguments stated above, I come to the conclusion that music therapy is a powerful force that can be consciously used. From University students in Hong Kong, toddlers in America and Aboriginals in Malaysia, overwhelming evidences suggest that the effect of music therapy transcends ethnic boundaries and that, the earlier you are exposed to it, the better positioned you are to exploit it.

Tae Kwan Do Essay Example For Students

Tae Kwan Do Essay Tae Kwan Do is the traditional Korean martial art, which literally means the are of fist and foot fighting. Tae Kwon Do has been practiced for many centuries, tracing back as far as 50 BC, and will become an Olympic event in the 2000 games in Sydney. The earliest records of Tae Kwan Do practice date back to about 50 BC. (Park pg. 1) During this time, Korea was divided into three kingdoms:(1) Silla, Koguryo, and Baekche. Silla had been founded in 87 BC, Baekche in 18 BC southwest of the Korean peninsula, and Koguryo in 37 BC. The earliest form of Tae Kwan Do was known as Taek Kyon. Known facts came from paintings on the ceiling of the Muyong-chong, a royal tomb from the Koguryo dynasty. (1) The paintings were of unarmed combatants using techniques that are somewhat similar to the Tae Kwan Do used by todays practitioners. (1) The similarities were of the techniques of knife hand, fists, and fighting stances. Because Silla was the least civilized, their coastlines were constantly being attacked by pirates of Japan. Silla asked for help because of the constant harrasment by the Japanese. We will write a custom essay on Tae Kwan Do specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now King Gwanggaeto, a Koguryo monarch, sent 50,000 soldiers into Silla to help drive out the pirates. (2) At this time, Taek Kyon was introduced to the warriors of Silla and were swore to secrecy about this art. The newly taught warriors were given the name the Hwarang and formed a society of the Hwarang-do. They had a code which they used as their bible. It was known as the Five Codes of Human Conduct; Be loyal to your country, Be obidieant to your parents, Be trustworthy to your friends, Never retreat in battle, Never make an unjust kill. Todays Tae Kwan Doists use these code but with additions to the Five Codes. These eleven commandments were; Loyalty to your country, Respect your parents, Faithfulness to your spouse, Respect your brothers and sisters, Loyalty to your friends, Respect your elders, Respect your teachers, Never take life unjustly, Indomitable spirit, Loyalty to your school, Finish what you begin. After the battles Taek Kyon was primarily used for sports and recreational activity used to improve physical fitness. (3) When the Koryo dynasty began, about 935 until 1392, the martial arts name was changed to Subak, and when King Uijong reigned, it became a system of fitness and changed to a fighting art rather than a sport. When the Japanese invaded Korea in 1909 and occupied the country, the residing Japanese general banned the practice of all military arts for native Koreans. (3) This sparked hatred in the eyes of the Koreans. Subak practitioners grew dramatically. Koreans organized underground camps, Budhhist temples studied martial arts, as well as many Koreans leaving the country to China as well as Japan to study. When Korea became liberated, the first Dojang (school) was built in Seoul. The name changed again after the war in 1953. It was known as Tae Soo Do. Two years later, it waas renamed Tae Kwan Do. This was known to be an effective fighting system in the Vietnam War. (5) After exhibiting Tae Kwan Do all over the world, the World Tae Kwan Do Federation was formed on May 28, 1973. The first Tae Kwan Do championships were also held in Seoul in May 1973. Many practitioners are now trying to make Tae Kwan Do an official sport of the Olympic games; Grandmaster Kyung Myung Lee, Master Sang H. Kim, and Master Kuk Hyun Chung. With an exhibition Olympic tournament in the 1988 games, Tae Kwan Do was named to be an official sport of the 2000 Olympic games in Seoul.

Dailigh Romano Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Human Reproduction, RTT

Dailigh Romano Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Human Reproduction, RTT Dailigh Romano Miss Strimel English 9 8 March 2015 Abortion Pros and Cons There are many opinions on the pros and cons arguments of abortio n. There are two si des to the abortion argument and the opinions are very strong from others. I t is either people are against it or for it. This paper will be about all sides of the argument and I will have no part take o n any of the opinions stated . The most discussed side of the abortion topic is how much people dislike it. A lot of religi ons such as Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity, and etc. All religions that are against i t have many different views on the topic, so they are not all the same feelings. Many are against abortion because of what the mother, family, etc. is doing to the child. In abortion there are many health risks to the child and mother. Abortion is a form of murder and demeans the value of human life , abortion eliminates legal rights of the unborn child, most decisions fo r abortion are chosen by a young adult/teenager that don't have the maturity yet. All three of those topics are very important in the argument of abortion and are fought over in states and religion . Another side of abortion is the fact of people agreeing with it. Some facts are that carrying and delivering the child can be dangerous to the mother, abortion is not murder because it is performed before a fetus h as developed into a human person , giving up a child for abortion can be just as emotionally damaging as having an abortion. There are many religions that go for abortion such as Quakers, certain Jewish groups, Free voices of Catholic, etc. A lot of people are going for abortion because it is the choice of the mother and fathers if they want to conceive and raise the child or not. In conclusion, the both sides should come together and work the issues out. Both sides of the abortion argument have many sides and supportive details to back up the opinion. Abortion is talked about in many different ways, opinions, and so called facts. After writing this paper, I have learned a lot about abortion and the sides on it. WORK CITED PAGE Niebuhr, Reinhold. Moral Man and Immoral Society: A Study in Ethics and Politics. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1932. Thompson, Judith Jarvis. "A Defense of Abortion." Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1, (1). 1971

There are many ways to do laser eye surgery

There are many ways to do laser eye surgery, some are old, some are new, some have many side effects and some have barley. This report will be about the most popular way of Laser eye surgery, "laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis", also known as LASIK. This report will discuss what LASIK is (including procedure), the risks, complications and advantages, and qualifications. LASIK surgery was developed 30 years ago and can provide help for nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. It is the least risky and most commonly used type of laser eye surgery. A simple description of the procedure of the surgery contains 7 steps. Step 1: The doctor puts in eye drops to numb patients eye(s) and marks them with water-supple ink to direct him replacing the flap. Step 2: The doctor puts on a suction to keep the patients eye(s) sturdy and checks the pressure. Step 3: The surgeon raises a thin layer of the cornea, or corneal flap, with the microkeratome to expose the portion beneath. This part of the procedure is called keratectomy. Step 4: The flap is lifted and put to the side Step 5: The doctor checks the aim of the laser and walks the patient through the rest of the process Step 6: Then a computer-controlled laser reshapes the cornea in the proper way in less than a minute. Step 7: The surgeon then puts the flap back into its original position and watches it for about 3-5 minutes to make sure healing is working. Like every surgery there are risks, complications and advantages. LASIK surgery has the least percent of risks, complications and the most advantages. The advantages of LASIK are only several more then PRK. These advantages include, None- Low procedure discomfort, Less possibility of haze, 1-3 days of eye drops rather than 4 months, Generally no requirement to wear after-operation contact lenses, Rapid visual recovery, A higher chance of havin

Segregation and the Racial Wage Gap Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Segregation and the Racial Wage Gap - Term Paper Example The image of the black man, being relegated to lower rung jobs, being inadequately compensated and constantly striving to prove himself has gone through a drastic change, report Mary Daly, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and Kenneth A. Couch, University of Connecticut. Their study has pointed out that an increase in the weekly pay of black male workers rose substantially so as to narrow the gap between black and white earnings to its lowest historically recorded levels. (Gene Koretz) This Discrimination in wage earnings begins at an early stage in the careers of black men and these have a direct impact on the â€Å"future labor earnings.† This wage inequality starts with the first job and continues to grow during the first five years of â€Å"post-school labor market activity† (Renna, King, 2007) This gap in earnings is considerable, growing from 12.46% during the first post school job to 25.86% even five years later. The statistics concerning racial wage gap may reveal the narrowing of the phenomena, but in all economic matters, racial inequality is an undeniable fact. African Americans face unemployment two times more than their white counterparts and even when employed they may earn only 75 per cent of what their white colleagues receive as wages. (Council of Economic Advisers, 1998) In the first few years in the job market, the incumbent is at a lower rung due to educational qualifications, but over the years this factor ceases to have an impact on the wage potential, because the employer is aware of the productivity levels of the employee. Thus, while the wage gap narrows over the years, it shows a direct proportional decrease with the increase in the number of years spent in the wage market. The lower wage workers have seen an increase in their pay structure, and more importantly, the reduction in wage gap

Discrimination Managing Equal Opportunity Essay

Discrimination Managing Equal Opportunity - Essay Example Be it slavery of the Jews in Rome, and the native Blacks in Africa or the modern day accepted practice of unnecessary portrayal of men/women in advertisements for a product targeted for the opposite sex. (ex: An all women and no man advertisement for selling a product for men, like undergarments, etc. and the man himself is missing in the advt. keeps one guessing for whom it is!). Although the perception of discrimination varies individually as widely as the individual characteristics themselves, the idea of a prejudiced or unfair treatment itself indicates a lack of understanding of the needs and desires of an individual. It even indicates a selfish and indifferent behavior of some. And just as one can find people of different kinds, forms, ethnicity, habits, gender, age, religion, etc. so are there as many grounds for discrimination for those who afford to discriminate. But, every problem brings with it a solution and hence the issue of discriminating also can be combated by making the necessary regulations for conduct by one and all. And also, care should be taken as not to encroach upon an individual's rights, as humanly as possible. These regulations in general are to be formulated and implemented strictly by the governing authorities, to bring about a change by a little coercion. One such revolutionary regulation that paved the way for women cadets in the Citadel is in the case of Shannon Faulkner who aspired to wear the Citadel ring (Genovese, 2). While Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that 'employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin is prohibited' (Unlawful Employment Practices, par.1), Miss Faulkner's aspirations to join the Citadel were curbed by her exclusion from among the cadets. This was with complete indifference to the rights of Miss Faulkner. Her qualification for enrolling into the Citadel as an able and competent individual was not considered judiciously by the authorities concerned. While 'conservatives believed that the biological differences between men and women justify the exclusion of women from male enclaves' (Genovese, 1), the radical democrats vehemently defended her rights. Mrs.Genovese observes that 'public feeling for Shannon Faulkner had run high and presumably every American believed that young women cannot be denied educational and occupational opportunities on account of their sex' (2). Hence, the Citadel was forced to take an affirmative action to stop employment discrimination. A move in this direction was the Affirmative Action Plan or the Entity Plan undertaken by the Citadel. It put forth a basic outline of the positive steps to employ and advance in employment qualified minorities, women, disabled veterans, veterans of the Vietnam era, and persons with disabilities (Affirmative Action Plan, par. 1). The South Carolina Human Affairs Commission was also sought to co-operate in reviewing the job qualifications for the eligible persons and adopt new procedures as and when formulated. Some of the procedures adopted to ensure an affirmative action are- 1. To make available to all members of the Citadel and to the local community the affirmative action plan clearly by way of copies of the plan, statements by its administrative officer's, brochures, manuals, campus publications, etc. 2.

Secular law Essay Example for Free

Secular law Essay Incidents in which police officers shoot and kill citizens often provoke substantial controversy. And this is even more true where the shooting occurs as a consequence of a person’s own provocative behavior and in circumstances that be defined as amounting to a victim provoked shooting or a victim precipitated shooting. Where death occurs it may be victim precipitated homicide, and in other terms as suicide by cop. Despite the fact that such events are surprisingly common, the literature is unexpectedly sparse and is often, lacking in empirical study. Outside the law enforcement community, the existence of the phenomenon is not well known and is certainly too often seriously misunderstood. But understanding suicide itself will help to give some understanding to this type of assisted suicide and how it is seen in the eyes of a criminologist. First I want to examine the criminologist perspective of suicide and this was first introduced by Emile Durkheim with his research on suicide that laid the foundation for anomie or strain theory. Anomic suicide, he postulated, occurs when rapid or extreme social change or crisis threatens group norms. People become uncertain of the appropriateness of their behavior. This results in a state of confusion or normlessness. Durkheim’s examples referred to the higher suicide rates during wars and revolutions as well as during periods of economic recession, depression, or advancement. Durkheim considered fatalistic and anomic suicides as opposites, that is, the former reflecting over-control while the latter represents a lack of normative control. Criminologists have extended the idea of anomie or strain to account for the genesis of crime. Durkheim’s four types of suicide are: Egoistic, which is suicide resulting from a weakening of commitment to group values and goals, especially when the individual has come to rely on primarily upon his or her own resources. Altruistic, suicide precipitated by an over-commitment to group values and norms. Fatalistic, suicide derived from excessive regulation. And Anomic, suicide that occurs when rapid or extreme social change or crisis threaten group norms (Vowell May, 2000). In a historical perspective those who believe that the roster of victimless crimes ought to be thinned or eliminated argue that an essential trait of a democracy is that it extends freedom to all citizens so long as that freedom does not infringe upon the equivalent liberty of other people. Those holding this view assert that victimless offenses are outlawed primarily on moral and religious grounds. For example prostitution violates theological dictates condemning fornication and adultery. But most Western religions also condemn a considerable variety of other acts that the criminal law ignores, such as taking the Lord’s name in vain. Suicide also is abhorred in Catholic theology. In earlier times, suicides were declared criminal offenders, their goods confiscated, and their bodies buried in unhallowed ground at crossroads, with stakes driven through their hearts. These views no longer influence secular law. And it is argued, should any other facets of any group’s moral or religious beliefs be imposed by law on those who do not accept the group’s principles unless it can be shown that a particular action harms others. The opposing position holds that victimless crime is a faulty construct that in actual fact there is no such thing. Prostitutes, it is said, degrade women in genera, transmit AIDS and venereal diseases, disrupt families and support men who exploit them ruthlessly. Drug addicts, because of their habit, often are unable to engage regularly in productive work and steal from innocent victims (Schneider, 2000).