Education and Health are Dependent Upon Economic Growth Essay -- Socia

Since accumulation of human capital is an important contributor to economic growth, it is important to recognize factors which facilitate this accumulation, and how does human resource transform to the more viable human capital? Central to this transformation are two elements; education and health care, where the attainment and improvement of these, is seen directly influencing labour productivity. From this cause effect relationship we can make a ‘logical assumption’ that improvement in human resources leads to economic growth (Dreze and Sen 2002; Rivera and Currais 1998). In light of this assumption, the aim of this essay is to determine the policies which could be used to successfully shift to a virtuous mutual cycle between economic growth, improved health, and education by articulating the impact of education and health as independent, and co-dependent variables on economic growth and vice-versa Educated individuals have higher employment rates since the labour skill of an educated person is more significant than that of an illiterate person, so he/she is able to generate a higher income than the latter, and his/her contribution to economic growth is thus consequently, more(Pritchett 1996). Education not only benefits the individual by making him more marketable, it can also be credited with improving the quality of an economy since the availability of educated labour gives entrepreneurs and firms the impetus to explore new markets, set up new industries, and adopt new technologies (Fasih 2008). While the monetary benefit of education is the primary reason for its acquisition, the positive externalities attached to its attainment i.e. the self-confidence and feeling of empowerment that comes with the ability to make info... ...ucational Tourism: Understanding the Concept, Recognising the Value. [online] Available at: http://www.insights.org.uk/articleitem.aspx?title=Educational%20Tourism:%20Understanding%20the%20Concept,%20Recognising%20the%20Value [Accessed: 16 Mar 2012]. Pritchett, L. (2012) Where Has All the Education Gone?. [online] Available at: http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/367.full.pdf [Accessed: 12 Mar 2012]. Ravallion, M. (2004) Pro-Poor growth:A primer. [online] Available at: http://web.usal.es/~bustillo/RavallionPPGPrimer.pdf [Accessed: 13 March 2012]. Taylor and Francis Online (1998) Economic growth and health: direct impact or reverse causation?. [online] Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/135048599352367 [Accessed: 13 March 2012]. Tilak, J. (2006) On Allocating 6 per Cent of GDP to Education. [online] [Accessed: 12 Mar 2012].

Proving Establish Liability For Each Offence Essay

Archie is employed to protect the pheasants on Lord Melchett’s estate from poachers. On day, from a distance he sees Liam and Craig on the estate and, knowing them to be poachers, he decides to ‘rid himself of the problem for all time’ and fires his shotgun at them. Both Liam and Craig are only wounded, however, but do need to be taken to hospital for treatment. On the way to the hospital, the brakes on the ambulance fail, it leaves the road and overturns on a bend and Liam dies in the accident. With reference to the case situation above, discuss, using decided cases to support you arguments: a) The offences, if any, with which Archie could be charged and what the prosecution would need to prove to establish liability for each offence; (20) b) And whether you think Archie would be convicted of any offence. (5) a. In relation to the death of Liam, there is the possibility that Archie would be charged under homicide. Archie carried out the apt actus reus of homicide, whereby he has committed an unlawful killing in the Queen’s peace in the county of the realm and death occurs within 1 year and 1 day. Although Liam died only in the accident, the main cause for his death was Archie shooting at him. As such, Archie has provided for the cause in fact, according to the ‘but-for’ test, where if but-for Archie, Liam would not have died. Contrary to R v. White, where the defendant’s mother died not from his poisoned drink but from a heart attack, Archie caused Liam’s death. Furthermore, Archie also undertakes the cause in law, as Liam’s wound is both substantive and operative. This is because it was Archie’s action that caused the injury (substantive) and this injury was still present at the time of Liam’s death (operative), as in R v. Malcherek & Steel, where it was held that original injuries were still an operative cause of victim’s death. However, it may be argued that a Novus Actus Intervenis, an intervening event, caused Liam’s death and that Archie is not the main cause. This is only partially true, as the ambulance’s break failure was the last event of the chain of causation and causing Liam’s death. Yet, Archie can still be held liable if it can be established that there was a break in the chain of causation, however, there is none. Thus, the ambulance accident was merely a negligent contribution, as in R v. Benge, and Archie’s act is the cause of Liam’s death. According to the mens rea of murder, proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm must be shown, as established in R v. Moloney, holding that intention may be inferred from the defendant’s foresight of consequences. Here, the charge will depend on Archie’s intention, which might be deduced from the words that he muttered: ‘rid himself of the problem for all time’. As such, Archie knew the consequences of his actions, and had an intention to carry it out. Yet if this is the case, it must also be considered why Archie didn’t actually carry out his apparent intention, to ‘rid himself of the problem for all time’, as he did not actually ‘get rid of’ (ie. kill) them. However, if this is not the case, it can be said that Archie’s intention can be found if he foresaw death or GBH as a virtually certain consequence, as in R v. Woollin. It is also not known where and the number of times Archie shot at Liam and Craig, as this would confer an indication of any considerable intention. If Archie’s shooting was limited, perhaps one or two in the leg, then it can be said he had no intention to kill, but just an intention to frighten. If he only had an intention to frighten, then his act is already an unlawful act in itself, as it is dangerous and is foreseeable to cause harm. This is true with Archie, and he also had the intention to commit the unlawful act, as in R v. Lamb, where the defendant did not have the mens rea to kill, but only to shoot the gun. Archie’s act was also dangerous, likewise in R v. Church where it was held that ‘dangerous’ would mean a reasonable man realizing the risk of creating some harm. In DPP v. Newbury & Jones, it is said that if the accused â€Å"intentionally commits a dangerous and unlawful act, causing harm or incidentally, the death, of another†, he is then guilty of constructive murder. Therefore, in relation to Liam’s death, Archie can be liable for constructive manslaughter. In relation to the injuries sustained by Craig, there is the possibility that Archie will be charged under Section 20 of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861. The actus reus required here is merely wounding, as defined in JJC v. Eisenhower as â€Å"breaking of the skin†(skin here meaning any surface of the human body) or inflicting grievous bodily harm. The mens rea necessary includes a malicious intention and a foresight of physical harm. This foresight must involve the possibility of some physical harm to a person, as in R v. Mowatt. Archie, thus fulfills both the actus reus and mens rea for S20 of the OAPA. However, Archie may also be charged under Section 47 and Section 42. Under S47, Craig has to be seen to have sustained â€Å"actual bodily harm†, defined in R v. Miller as â€Å"any harm calculated to interfere with person’s health and comfort.† Under S42, Archie has to be seen to â€Å"put another person in fear of immediate personal violence† and has â€Å"touched another without their consent.† If this can be established, Archie would be liable for Section 20 (Offence involving wounding/GBH), Section 47 (Common assault, battery & GBH) and Section 42 (Assault & battery) of the Offences Against Persons Act 1861. b. In the case of Liam’s death, Archie would be charged for murder. However, this is rather difficult to prove, as the mens rea required for murder involves proof of intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm as established in R v. Moloney. Thus, he would not be convicted of murder, but rather involuntary manslaughter, with constructive liability. As for Craig’s injuries, Archie would be charged under Section 20 of the OAPA. Further charges might include Sections 47 and 42. The conviction under Section 20 is undeniable, but for Section 47 and 42, it is only highly plausible.

Dr. Antonia Pantoj The Visionary And Ethical Leader Who...

Synthesis Essay-Dr. Antonia Pantoja MSgt David Morales Air Force Senior Noncommission Officer Academy February 10, 2016 Instructor: MSgt Madeline Summers Dr. Antonia Pantoja Imagine a world where whites weren’t offered education. Not just the world, imagine instead if whites here in America, weren’t given access to quality education. The visionary and ethical leader this paper will discuss broke the barrier to quality education for the Latino Community. Dr. Antonia Pantoja was a visionary and ethical leader who led the way for the Latino community to learn English. Dr. Antonia Pantoja was one of the most significant visionary and ethical leaders in the United States, and especially to the Puerto Rican and Latino Community. She was an ethical leader with values and morals who constantly helped others in her community. In the early 50’s Antonia Pantoja was a proficient critical thinker and dedicated her ethical leadership to advocating the creation of organizations for the benefit of the Latino Community. Her valor and initiative to develop the value of life for people in the Latino Community. She became the first Latina recipient of the prestigious United States Presidential Medal of Freedom Award, the nation s highest civilian honor. I am going to talk about how was Dr. Antonia Pantoja was ethical and visionary leader. How her beliefs in helping others created multiples organizations throughout her life that are available today. And her

Problems Associated with Drought in Africa, and Proposed...

Africa is a continent that suffers from many problems in many areas. The name of the continent has become synonymous with poverty, hunger and disease. These problems are connected with each other significantly. Many observers believe that the successive African crises are because of some reasons such as violence in most African countries, corruption that is rooted in the majority of African governments and stagflation which puts the continent in the mouth of hunger and unemployment(Stewart, 2004). However, there are other factors which are responsible for Africas crises such as unstable environment, the growing population and agricultural difficulties (African ecology, 1990). In fact, climate change leads to drought in many parts of†¦show more content†¦Drought, which is a clear manifestation of global warming, has severe effects on the African arena. Large parts in Africa has turned into deserts in a short period; for example, within two decades, around 6700 hectares of fo rest, which contained different animals such as monkeys, deer and buffalo, have become a barren area (Ogodo, 2006, p2). Indeed, More than 300000 people died because of drought in the Sahel in the seventies (Scott, 2005, p2). The fact that 40% of African income depends on agriculture, and 70% of the African workers are engaged in agriculture means that the drought is certain death to the continent (Scott, 2005, p2). In the future, some believe that around 66% of African space could be dry because of deforestation and grazing (African ecology, 1990). In addition, many observers believe that the drought is the origin of all the African crises (Brown, 2006). Over the history of the continent, different tribes and races have fought over water sources , which lead some times to genocides (Scott, 2005, p5) For example, the conflict in Darfur between the Sudanese government-backed militia and rebels, which has left more than 300000 dead is mainly due to drought. This problem can be solve d partly or even totally by the provision of water (Block, 2010). Global warming is mainly produced by the industrial countries. There is growing evidence that shows the steadyShow MoreRelatedCurrent And Future Consequences Of Global Warming2373 Words   |  10 PagesIsfan Satrya Global warming is defined as the continuing increase of global temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere and surface. This paper addresses the possible causes for this phenomenon, its effects on societal structure and policy, possible solutions, and the way going forward. 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Many were wondering why there was no ground breaking initiativeRead MoreA Research on Moringa Oleifera2858 Words   |  12 Pageshave some truly impressive properties. Native to northern India but now found widely in Asia, Africa and Latin America, moringas have been used in villages in developing countries for hundreds of years, their uses ranging from traditional medicine, food and cooking oil, to natural pesticide, domestic cleaning agent, and – the latest addition – biofuel. Moringas are extremely hardy, known in parts of Africa as nebedies, meaning ‘never-die trees’, because they grow on marginal soils, regrow after beingRead MoreA Research on Moringa Oleifera2858 Words   |  12 Pageshave some truly impressive properties. 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Essay about Organ Donation -Saving Lives - 1034 Words

According to United Network for Organ Sharing (2010) organ donations and transplantation are the removal of organs and tissues from one person and placed into another person’s body. The need for organ transplantation usually occurs when the recipient organ has failed (UNOS, 2010). Organ donation can save the lives of many individuals who are on the waiting list for an organ donation. Becoming an organ donor can be a difficult decision. Many people have the false beliefs about being an organ donor. An example would be if organ donor is on their driver’s license and a person is in a life-threatening accident everything will not be done to save their life. There is an increase need for organ donors and unfortunately the need for organ†¦show more content†¦Although there is no cure for Hepatitis B there are ways to help reduce re-infection once a new liver is received. Continued use of lifelong antiviral medication can decrease the re-occurrence of Hepatitis B, but because of the lack of cellular immunity if antiviral medication is stop re-occurrence can occur (Wagner, 2009). Mrs. Bay is married with two young children and is very active in her community. A great family and community bond will give the support system needed to recover from a liver transplant. She will have a chance to be in her children’s life and will be able to continue to support the community. â€Å"Trying to select organ recipients based on self worth, self-destruction behavior, and a potential for rehabilitation is difficult to justify from an ethical perspective† (Butts Rich, 2008, p.300). Although this true, some people might not feel comfortable giving a liver to a person who states they would not make any promises to stop drinking when a new liver is received. 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Music Therapy and Its Effects free essay sample

A powerful force that is commonly taken for granted, music can be consciously used to serve many purposes. Such purposes include motivation or reward, a means of reducing boredom and even manage time, by setting a desired pace for the listener (Rotor, 1999, p. Introduction xv). Considering the breadth of such a subject, it is essential to contain the contents of this essay into a focused discussion.Namely, music, its use in therapy and the effects it generates. This essay will also discuss the efferent arguments for the support of various therapeutic effects of music, along with its detractors. In recent decades, an enormous amount of research has been conducted on specific ways in which sound, rhythm and music, in general, can improve human lives. Arguably, one of the most interesting of them all is the Mozart Effect. Supporters of this phenomenon claim that listening to Mozart music can affect you positively in a number of ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Therapy and Its Effects or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mainly, it improves ones spatial-temporal reasoning skills and that early childhood exposure is beneficial for mental development. Let us take a closer kook. Spatial-temporal reasoning skills refer to the ability to visualize spatial patterns and mentally manipulate them over a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations. This ability, often referred to as thinking In pictures.Is important for generating and conceptualizing solutions to multi-step problems that arise in areas such as art, science, mathematics and everyday life (Spatial-temporal reasoning, 2006, Para. 1). In his foreword for Don Campbell The Mozart Effect for Children. Child development expert, Joseph C. Pearce, mentioned that when the Nobel laureate and reconstitute David Hubble was asked whether he had any interest other than his specialty, his reply was, Actually, I seem to have spent an Inordinate amount of my life at the piano. . It was also stated that in the 1 sass, atomic scientists at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, gathered at spare moments in the evening to play string quartets,3 and that Einstein arguably the greatest scientist of our time -? had a love affair with the violin (Campbell, 2002, Introduction xii). Assuming that all scientists are smart, intelligent human beings, there is little doubt that Parses statements of associating scientists with musical instruments was a deliberate attempt of portraying the Idea that music begets intelligence.But how far is this true? Could it be that mere coincidence plays a part in linking some of the greatest scientists to music? Accordi ng to Campbell, studies show that schools that Include music In their curricula produce the highest achievers in the country. A study in Hong Kong found that adults who had received music training before age twelve have a better memory for spoken words than those who did not. Furthermore, Dry. Gordon Shaw of the university ofCalifornia has shown that taking piano lessons and solving math puzzles significantly For the purpose of this essay, the word therapy will not only mean any treatment designed to improve a health problem or to cure an illness (Oxford dictionary, 1999, It is unclear who first coined the phrase, but it undoubtedly came into being as a result of attention aroused by countless scientific studies conducted on the effect of Knolling Amadeus Mozart music on its listeners. The phrase has since been trademarked by Don Campbell, Inc. A string quartet usually consists of 2 violinists, a viola player and a cellist. Improves specific math skills of elementary school children (Campbell, 2000, p. 185). Mozart music has similar effects. In a study of nineteen children aged seven to seventeen with attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (DAD),4 researchers played recordings of such Mozart compositions as Nine Klein Machinists, Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major (K. 467) and The Marriage of Figaro during thrice-weekly nonrefundable sessions for some of the children.Nothing was played for the others. The researchers reported that those who listened o Mozart displayed improved focus, mood control and social skills. Seventy percent of the subjects who improved maintained that improvement for at least six months afterward (Campbell, 2002, p. 183 184). These studies indicate that listening to and playing music generally generates arioso positive results. However, none of these studies prove that a hundred percent of the subjects tested attained these same results.In fact, there were many attempts to replicate some of these results, but most were unsuccessful (Willingham, 2006). On top of this, Earaches himself later wrote that,5 spatial-temporal task reference varies widely between individuals. This goes to show that the Mozart Effect, as well as the different positive effects of music therapy, has various degrees of effects and that it may not necessarily affect everyone. Another topic that will be discussed is Temper music. In this indigenous community, major technique of healing ailments involves singing and trance-dancing ceremonies/rituals, which are usually led by a medium. The medium would sing tunes and texts given to him during dreams by spiritless,7 to the patient, as female chorus members accompany him. Also, sometimes instruments such as the soufflà ©s, bamboo-tube zither and mouthpart are used in the process. Depending on the severity of the patients illness, these activities are conducted as small rituals or huge ceremonies.Basically, the more severe the illness is, the bigger the ceremony. Unfortunately, efficacy of this method of therapy and curing illnesses is not a well documented subject. It is, however, a fact that Temper tradition of healing Ninth music has gone on for generations and generations and that it is still in practice today. From these observations, one may deduce that it is a tired-and-tested method ND therefore, to a certain extent, it works. But since it is not a thoroughly Investigated topic, such a deduction is open to debate. N inability to concentrate, difficulty relating to peers and a general incoherence of thought (Campbell, 2000, p. 183). 5 Frances H. Earaches was one of the pioneering scientists that conducted tests on the effects of Mozart music. Rhea Tempers are Aboriginals who dwell in peninsular Malaysia (Rosemary, 1993, p. 2) According to Temper belief, spiritless refers to entities of object (animate or animate), such as a particular Jungle flower or a mountain, that visit mediums in heir dreams, in a humanists form, to offer their services to the mediums, to be their teacher.These spiritless will then begin to sing and the dreamer would repeat it line by line until, upon awakening, the song is committed to the dreamers memory. Rosemary, 1993, p. 53) From the various arguments stated above, I come to the conclusion that music therapy is a powerful force that can be consciously used. From University students in Hong Kong, toddlers in America and Aboriginals in Malaysia, overwhelming evidences suggest that the effect of music therapy transcends ethnic boundaries and that, the earlier you are exposed to it, the better positioned you are to exploit it.

Tae Kwan Do Essay Example For Students

Tae Kwan Do Essay Tae Kwan Do is the traditional Korean martial art, which literally means the are of fist and foot fighting. Tae Kwon Do has been practiced for many centuries, tracing back as far as 50 BC, and will become an Olympic event in the 2000 games in Sydney. The earliest records of Tae Kwan Do practice date back to about 50 BC. (Park pg. 1) During this time, Korea was divided into three kingdoms:(1) Silla, Koguryo, and Baekche. Silla had been founded in 87 BC, Baekche in 18 BC southwest of the Korean peninsula, and Koguryo in 37 BC. The earliest form of Tae Kwan Do was known as Taek Kyon. Known facts came from paintings on the ceiling of the Muyong-chong, a royal tomb from the Koguryo dynasty. (1) The paintings were of unarmed combatants using techniques that are somewhat similar to the Tae Kwan Do used by todays practitioners. (1) The similarities were of the techniques of knife hand, fists, and fighting stances. Because Silla was the least civilized, their coastlines were constantly being attacked by pirates of Japan. Silla asked for help because of the constant harrasment by the Japanese. We will write a custom essay on Tae Kwan Do specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now King Gwanggaeto, a Koguryo monarch, sent 50,000 soldiers into Silla to help drive out the pirates. (2) At this time, Taek Kyon was introduced to the warriors of Silla and were swore to secrecy about this art. The newly taught warriors were given the name the Hwarang and formed a society of the Hwarang-do. They had a code which they used as their bible. It was known as the Five Codes of Human Conduct; Be loyal to your country, Be obidieant to your parents, Be trustworthy to your friends, Never retreat in battle, Never make an unjust kill. Todays Tae Kwan Doists use these code but with additions to the Five Codes. These eleven commandments were; Loyalty to your country, Respect your parents, Faithfulness to your spouse, Respect your brothers and sisters, Loyalty to your friends, Respect your elders, Respect your teachers, Never take life unjustly, Indomitable spirit, Loyalty to your school, Finish what you begin. After the battles Taek Kyon was primarily used for sports and recreational activity used to improve physical fitness. (3) When the Koryo dynasty began, about 935 until 1392, the martial arts name was changed to Subak, and when King Uijong reigned, it became a system of fitness and changed to a fighting art rather than a sport. When the Japanese invaded Korea in 1909 and occupied the country, the residing Japanese general banned the practice of all military arts for native Koreans. (3) This sparked hatred in the eyes of the Koreans. Subak practitioners grew dramatically. Koreans organized underground camps, Budhhist temples studied martial arts, as well as many Koreans leaving the country to China as well as Japan to study. When Korea became liberated, the first Dojang (school) was built in Seoul. The name changed again after the war in 1953. It was known as Tae Soo Do. Two years later, it waas renamed Tae Kwan Do. This was known to be an effective fighting system in the Vietnam War. (5) After exhibiting Tae Kwan Do all over the world, the World Tae Kwan Do Federation was formed on May 28, 1973. The first Tae Kwan Do championships were also held in Seoul in May 1973. Many practitioners are now trying to make Tae Kwan Do an official sport of the Olympic games; Grandmaster Kyung Myung Lee, Master Sang H. Kim, and Master Kuk Hyun Chung. With an exhibition Olympic tournament in the 1988 games, Tae Kwan Do was named to be an official sport of the 2000 Olympic games in Seoul.